The Republic of Indonesia represents the world's fourth most populous nation, a diverse archipelago nation with more than 300 ethnic groups. Indonesia has made enormous gains in implementing the national development agenda. Implementation of the SDGs is institutionalized at a national and subnational level in efforts to reduce inequality, promote the development of urban spaces, and improve the quality of life of their citizens.
The challenge Indonesia faces is reducing the rate of poverty, in their efforts, they have reduced poverty by half. Though this issue has national attention a quarter of their population lives in poverty. Out of a population of around 270.2 million, about 26.42 million Indonesians still live below the poverty line (World Bank). Millions of Indonesians live in slums with poor basic services, lack sanitation, and access to clean water. To combat this, the World Bank has partnered with the Indonesian government by financing the National Slum Upgrading Program.
This government-led program addresses the infrastructure service gaps; to describe the inequities that reflect Indonesia's service gaps about 29 million Indonesians live in slums with poor basic services; 11 million of them lack access to sanitation and 9 million lack access to safe water. Indonesia's urban poor pay 10 to 30 times more to buy clean water from private providers, compared to the better-off families with access to water utilities (World Bank). This program will extend to more than 150 cities in order to provide improved water sources, sanitation, roads, drainage, and regular waste collection. To reduce the creation of slums institutional evaluation is required, building local government and communities capacity to address related land issues.
Climate continues to play an influential part in the poverty rates of Indonesia. For those who live below the poverty line, these families are more much likely to experience hardships in times of natural disasters. Indonesia is prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions with droughts, flooding, and mudslides expected to worsen due to climate change. A huge majority of low-income housing is built by the families themselves rather than by the government or private developers. Almost 25 million Indonesian families live in urban slums with many others settling along railway tracks and riverbanks, and on streets (Habitat).
References:
Habitat For Humanity. (n.d.) Housing poverty in Indonesia. Retrieved on November 8, from: https://www.habitatforhumanity.org.uk/country/indonesia/
The World Bank. (October 1, 2020). The World Bank In Indonesia. Retrieved on November 8, from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/07/12/indonesia-improving-infrastructure-for-millions-of-urban-poor
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